Development of A Digital Literacy-Based Learning Model to Improve Students' Writing Skills in Indonesian Language Education

Abstract

This research aims to develop a digital literacy-based learning model to improve students' writing skills in Indonesian. Using the research and development (R&D) method with a mixed approach (quantitative-qualitative), the study involved 150 students and 30 teachers from five secondary schools. The results showed that the model integrating digital platforms (Google Docs, Canva, Quizizz) significantly improved students' writing skills (mean score increased from 64.3 to 82.5; p<0.05), especially in organising ideas (+25%) and standard vocabulary (+18%). Student responses were very positive (85% agreed that the model was more interesting), with increased intrinsic motivation reflected in active participation (82%) and timely completion of assignments (78%). However, implementation faced challenges such as infrastructure gaps (35% of schools with unstable internet), variation in teachers' digital literacy (scores 25-85), cultural resistance (12% of students experienced technophobia) and mismatch with traditional assessment systems (85% of teachers had difficulty assessing digital collaboration). The study concludes that a successful digital transformation of language learning requires a holistic approach, including strengthening infrastructure, continuous teacher training, phased digital literacy modules and alignment of school policies. The findings make an important contribution to the development of the TPACK framework in the Indonesian educational context and recommend further research on the integration of AI for learning personalisation.